2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Specific Products:

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-112980
    Nusinersen
    		Activator 98.91%
    Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide active molecule. Nusinersen modifies the pre-messenger RNA splicing of the SMN2 gene, thereby promoting the production of full-length SMN protein. Nusinersen improves spinal muscular atrophy.
    Nusinersen
  • HY-107859
    Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
    		Inhibitor
    Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a widely used organic phosphorus flame retardant, mainly used as a plasticizer. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate has orally active hepatotoxicity, inducing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) influx, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and causing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate directly binds to FXR, inducing obesity and the formation of fatty liver in mice. Chloroethyl) phosphate activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, triggering liver inflammation.
    Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
  • HY-12957
    NITD008
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    NITD008 is a potent and selective flaviviruse inhibitor which can inhibit Dengue Virus Type 2 (DENV-2) with an EC50 of 0.64 μM. NITD008 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    NITD008
  • HY-13767
    Tirapazamine
    		Antagonist 99.02%
    Tirapazamine (SR259075) is an anticancer agent that shows selective cytotoxicity for hypoxic cells in solid tumors, thereby inducing single-and double-strand breaks in DNA, base damage, and cell death. Tirapazamine is an anticancer and bioreductive agent.Tirapazamine (SR259075) can enhance the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in hypoxic cells.
    Tirapazamine
  • HY-B0330A
    Levofloxacin hydrate
    		99.98%
    Levofloxacin hydrate (Levofloxacin hemihydrate) is an orally active antibiotic and is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Levofloxacin hydrate inhibits the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Levofloxacin hydrate can be used for chronic periodontitis, airway inflammation and BK Viremia research. Levofloxacin hydrate shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.
    Levofloxacin hydrate
  • HY-100126
    Tubercidin
    		Inhibitor 99.24%
    Tubercidin (7-Deazaadenosine) is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces tubercidicus. Tubercidin inhibits the growth of Streptococcus faecalis (8043) with an IC50 of 0.02 μM. Tubercidin inhibits polymerases by incorporating DNA or RNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication, RNA and protein synthesis. Tubercidin is a weak inhibitor of adenosine phosphorylase, and interferes with the phosphorylation of adenosine and AMP. Tubercidin has antiviral activity.
    Tubercidin
  • HY-113110
    Cysteinylglycine
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Cysteinylglycine (L-Cysteinylglycine; Cys-Gly) is a dipeptide formed by the peptide bond linkage between cysteine (Cysteine) and glycine (Glycine). Cysteinylglycine is an important metabolic intermediate in the human body, mainly derived from the degradation of glutathione (GSH). Cysteinylglycine reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron, drives the redox cycle of iron, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulates oxidative reactions, induces lipid peroxidation of human plasma LDL lipoproteins, and causes oxidative damage to DNA bases. Cysteinylglycine can be used as a biomarker to evaluate ischemic heart disease, breast cancer and other conditions.
    Cysteinylglycine
  • HY-13624
    Epirubicin
    		Inhibitor 99.31%
    Epirubicin (4'-Epidoxorubicin), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, has an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Epirubicin is a Forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) inhibitor and inhibits regulatory T cell activity.
    Epirubicin
  • HY-109081
    Cedazuridine
    		99.72%
    Cedazuridine (E7727) (Compound 7a) is an orally active cytidine deaminase (CDA) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 μM. Cedazuridine can be used for cancer research.
    Cedazuridine
  • HY-124062
    TAS-114
    		99.89%
    TAS-114 is an orally active dual dUTPase/dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitor, can improving the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidine.
    TAS-114
  • HY-13234
    Rifaximin
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    Rifaximin, a gastrointestinal-selective antibiotic, binds the β-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, resulting in inhibition of bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifaximin susceptibility is higher against Gram-positive strains (MIC: 0.03-5 mg/ml) compared to Gram-negative bacteria (MIC: 8-50 mg/mL).
    Rifaximin
  • HY-10082
    Triapine
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    Triapine (3-AP; PAN-811) is a potent inhibitor of the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), and is a potent radiosensitizer.
    Triapine
  • HY-W001951
    Dirhodium tetraacetate
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Dirhodium tetraacetate (Tetrakis (acetato) dirhodium (II)) is an anticancer agent. Dirhodium tetraacetate functionally inhibits the activities of DNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase. It also acts as a catalyst and can be used to construct rhodium-based artificial metalloenzymes.
    Dirhodium tetraacetate
  • HY-122903
    TK216
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    TK216 is an orally active and potent E26 transformation specific (ETS) inhibitor. TK216 directly binds EWS-FLI1 and inhibits EWS-FLI1 protein interactions. TK216 blocks the binding between EWS-FLI1 and RNA helicase A. TK216 has anticancer activity.
    TK216
  • HY-157941
    ART0380
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    ART0380 is a potent, selective and orally active ATR kinase inhibitor. ART0380 potently inhibits human ATR-ATRIP complex with an IC50 of 51.7 nM. ART0380 binds the ATP pocket of the ATR-ATRIP complex, blocks ATR-dependent Chk1 serine 345 phosphorylation, and induces cell cycle disorder and DNA damage. ART0380 demonstrates potent and selective antitumor activity in preclinical models with varying types of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene aberrancy. ART0380 can be used for the research of cancer, such as colorectal cancer and prostate cancer.
    ART0380
  • HY-138113
    Pyrrothiogatain
    		Inhibitor 98.61%
    Pyrrothiogatain is a transcription factor GATA3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 54.7 μM. Pyrrothiogatain inhibits the DNA-binding activity of GATA3 and inhibits the T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation and expression of Th2 cytokines. Pyrrothiogatain shows anti-infection effect by inhibiting ACE2 expression. Pyrrothiogatain can be used for the researches of inflammation, immunology, infection and cancer, such as colon cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Pyrrothiogatain
  • HY-13560
    AVN-944
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    AVN-944 (VX-944) is an orally active, potent, selective, noncompetitive and specific inhibitor of IMPDH (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase). AVN-944 is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis. AVN-944 is also an inhibitor of arenavirus RNA synthesis, and blocks arenavirus infection. AVN-944 has broad anti-cancer activities, and can be used for multiple myeloma (MM) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research.
    AVN-944
  • HY-15345A
    Tetrahydrouridine
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate is potent inhibitor of cytidine deaminase (CDA), which competitively blocks the enzyme's active site more effectively than intrinsic cytidine.
    Tetrahydrouridine
  • HY-159078
    PolQi1
    		Inhibitor 98.42%
    PolQi1 is a selective inhibitor targeting the Polθ domain of DNA polymerase. PolQi1 inhibits the Polθ-mediated microhomology end joining (TMEJ/alt-EJ) pathway, reducing insertion/deletion (Indels) and imprecise editing events during DNA repair. PolQi1 can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of homology-directed repair (HDR) or Prime editing, and reduce off-target effects; and in combination with DNA-PK inhibitor AZD-7648 (HY-111783), exert efficient genome editing capabilities with dual pathway regulation. PolQi1 can be mainly used in gene editing research (such as CRISPR-Cas9 or Prime editing system optimization) to improve the precision editing efficiency of difficult-to-edit cells (such as primary hepatocytes and mouse embryos).
    PolQi1
  • HY-19357
    Erenapurstat
    		Inhibitor 99.67%
    Erenapursta (E3330) is a direct, orally active and selective inhibitor of Ape-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1)/Ref-1 (redox factor-1) redox. Erenapursta is able to impair tumor growth and blocks the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. Erenapursta shows anticancer activities.
    Erenapurstat
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison

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